USA
As dictated by sec 61.103, Eligibility Requirements: General, for pilot’s licensing with the FAA…
Candidate must be at least seventeen years of age. A private pilot’s certificate for a hot air balloon or glider may be issued to applicants as young as sixteen years old.
Applicant must be able to read, speak and understand the English language, or else have operating limitations placed on his or her pilot certificate as necessary for safe operation of their aircraft. The limitations will be removed if the applicant can prove that they have a thorough grasp of the English language at a later date.
Applicant must hold a current, third class medical certificate. In the case of a certificate for a balloon or glider, the applicant must simply prove that they have no known medical defect which would hinder or prevent the applicant from safely operating the aircraft.
UK
In the UK, there are a few different levels of aviation licensing, these are…
NPPL - the National Private Pilot License PPL - the Private Pilot License
CPL - the Commercial Pilot License, and… ATPL - the Airline Transport Pilot License
The NPPL has less strict medical requirements than the others. A medical form for application is available at the NPPL website, www.nppl.uk.com.
GETTING YOUR MEDICAL CERTIFICATE
Being medically certified may require different qualifications in different countries, however, the general rule applies that you need to find a qualified AME, or Aviation Medical Examiner.
You can quickly find an examiner within driving distance by simply referring to the following website:
www.faa.gov/pilots/amelocator/
The above website is hosted by the FAA, which is strictly the American Aviation Administration. However, the directory lists AMEs throughout the entire world, even in countries where English is not considered a primary language, so it shouldn’t take too long to be certified as medically fit using the above site as a starting point.